川普幕僚長的妻子近日在社群平台 X 上發布了一張令人震驚的圖片——美國國旗覆蓋在格陵蘭地圖上，並配上「快樂」二字。根據白宮的說法，取得格陵蘭是為了遏制中俄在北極地區的擴張。川普政府的立場很明確：能用買的最好，買不成的話，動用軍事手段也在考慮範圍之內。此番言論立刻引發歐洲各國強烈反彈。
The wife of Trump's Chief of Staff recently posted a shocking image on the social media platform X—an American flag covering a map of Greenland, accompanied by the word "happy." According to the White House, acquiring Greenland is necessary to contain Chinese and Russian expansion in the Arctic region. The Trump administration's position is clear: purchasing the territory would be ideal, but if that fails, military action remains on the table. These remarks immediately triggered strong backlash from European countries.
川普為什麼想「買」格陵蘭？
（資料來源：Youtube - DW News, Why the US and Europe are battling for Greenland’s future）
川普為取得格陵蘭其實已布局許久。去年五月的報告指出，美國情報單位開始將焦點放在格陵蘭，蒐集親美且支持獨立的人士名單，以便在必要時推動格陵蘭的分離運動。當時丹麥還為此召見了美國臨時代理大使表達抗議。
Trump has actually been laying the groundwork to acquire Greenland for quite some time. A report from last May indicated that U.S. intelligence agencies began focusing on Greenland, compiling lists of pro-American individuals who support independence, so they could promote a separatist movement in Greenland if necessary. Denmark even summoned the U.S. acting ambassador to protest at the time.
《經濟學人》也指出，美國的另一招可能是說服格陵蘭簽署「自由聯合協定」，讓美軍在其境內自由行動，以換取免稅貿易等好處。
The Economist also pointed out that another American tactic might be to persuade Greenland to sign a "Compact of Free Association," allowing the U.S. military to operate freely within its territory in exchange for benefits such as duty-free trade.
去年六月，美國國防部更將格陵蘭的軍事行動指揮權，從負責歐洲與北約任務的歐洲司令部，移交給負責美國本土、加拿大及北美空域的北方司令部。這意味著美國不再將格陵蘭視為歐洲防衛的一部分，而是本土防衛的一環。
Last June, the U.S. Department of Defense transferred military operational command over Greenland from the European Command, which handles European and NATO missions, to the Northern Command, which is responsible for the U.S. homeland, Canada, and North American airspace. This signaled that the U.S. no longer views Greenland as part of European defense, but rather as part of homeland defense.
聲明中明確表示，此舉是為了「更有效強化西半球的安全」。只要涉及本土防衛，美國行事就較不需顧及他國感受。當時丹麥便擔憂，此舉將使其在安全合作中的角色被邊緣化。
The official statement made clear that this move was intended to "more effectively strengthen Western Hemisphere security." When it comes to homeland defense, the U.S. feels less obligated to consider other nations' concerns. At the time, Denmark worried that this would marginalize its role in security cooperation.
格陵蘭早已被包圍？川普對丹麥防衛能力的批評
（資料來源：bbc.com）
川普對記者表示，格陵蘭已被中俄船艦包圍，丹麥卻只增派了一隊狗拉雪橇。不少分析師認為這番話過於誇大。
Trump told reporters that Greenland is surrounded by Chinese and Russian vessels, yet Denmark has only sent an additional dog sled team. Many analysts consider this statement to be greatly exaggerated.
首先，雖然中俄船艦近期在北極圈的活動確實增加，但海事情報網站顯示，格陵蘭島附近並沒有俄羅斯或中國的船隻。
First, while Chinese and Russian naval activity in the Arctic Circle has indeed increased recently, maritime intelligence websites show that there are no Russian or Chinese vessels near Greenland.
其次，也有丹麥人反駁川普不該小看狗拉雪橇。這支「天狼星巡邏隊」是丹麥的精英特種部隊，曾在二戰期間監視並摧毀德軍的氣象站，成功防止格陵蘭被占領。
Second, some Danes have pushed back, arguing that Trump should not underestimate the dog sled teams. The "Sirius Patrol" is an elite Danish special forces unit that monitored and destroyed German weather stations during World War II, successfully preventing Greenland from being occupied.
該部隊每年最多僅從丹麥皇家海軍中選拔六人，雪橇犬則是專門培育的格陵蘭犬，吃苦耐勞、熟悉地形，還曾救過軍人的性命。每隻犬在五歲退休前，行走的距離超過兩萬公里。《國家地理雜誌》強調，雖然現代軍隊多以坦克和軍車移動，但格陵蘭的氣候與地形仍以雪橇最為適合。
The unit selects a maximum of only six members from the Royal Danish Navy each year, and the sled dogs are specially bred Greenland dogs—resilient, familiar with the terrain, and known to have saved soldiers' lives. Each dog travels more than 20,000 kilometers before retiring at age five. National Geographic has emphasized that although modern militaries typically use tanks and military vehicles, sleds remain the most suitable mode of transportation for Greenland's climate and terrain.
此外，丹麥並非只增加雪橇部隊。儘管過去十年丹麥大幅削減國防開支，過去僅有四艘老舊巡邏艦和一架偵察機負責格陵蘭防務，但去年已撥款建造三艘新艦艇，增加遠程無人機及衛星監視設備，並將北極安全相關支出提高至一百三十七億美元，且承諾未來數年將持續增加。
Furthermore, Denmark has not merely added sled patrols. Although Denmark significantly cut defense spending over the past decade and previously had only four aging patrol vessels and one reconnaissance aircraft responsible for Greenland's defense, last year it allocated funds to build three new ships, added long-range drones and satellite surveillance equipment, and raised Arctic security-related spending to $13.7 billion, with promises to continue increasing it in the coming years.
美國官方對格陵蘭的態度與運籌
一位歐洲外交官匿名向《華盛頓郵報》透露，川普在處理完委內瑞拉事務後信心大增。近日美國官員私下談及對格陵蘭可能採取的行動時，態度也顯得相當認真。國務卿盧比奧在國會簡報時試圖緩和局勢，表示總統只是想向丹麥施壓，促使其出售格陵蘭。但他也強調，基於國家安全考量，總統保留動用軍事手段的權力。盧比奧宣布將於下週前往丹麥，與丹麥及格陵蘭的外交部長進行會談。
A European diplomat anonymously told The Washington Post that Trump's confidence has grown significantly after handling the Venezuela situation. In recent days, U.S. officials have appeared quite serious when privately discussing possible actions regarding Greenland. Secretary of State Rubio attempted to ease tensions during a congressional briefing, stating that the president simply wants to pressure Denmark into selling Greenland. However, he also emphasized that the president reserves the right to use military means for national security reasons. Rubio announced that he will travel to Denmark next week to meet with the foreign ministers of Denmark and Greenland.
困惑的丹麥嘗試維繫格陵蘭現狀
（資料來源：fmn.dk）
事實上，丹麥與美國早已展開協商。一年前，當川普威脅以關稅作為施壓手段時，丹麥便順應美方意願，增加了北極地區的安全支出，並積極籌辦三方會談。上個月初，多位美國高層官員訪問格陵蘭，會後還表示成果正面。
In fact, Denmark and the United States had already been in negotiations. A year ago, when Trump threatened to use tariffs as leverage, Denmark complied with American wishes by increasing security spending in the Arctic region and actively organizing trilateral talks. Earlier last month, several senior U.S. officials visited Greenland and reported positive outcomes after the meeting.
然而，幾週後川普卻突然任命了格陵蘭特使，令丹麥高層感到錯愕。既然談得很順利，為何還要派一位川普的代表來處理？這是否意味著美國打算繞過丹麥？
However, a few weeks later, Trump suddenly appointed a special envoy to Greenland, leaving Danish officials bewildered. If negotiations were going so well, why send a Trump representative to handle matters? Does this mean the U.S. intends to bypass Denmark?
歐洲國家對格陵蘭議題的反應與困境
川普認真想取得格陵蘭的態度，讓歐洲各國反應強烈。前歐盟外交顧問告訴《華爾街日報》，委內瑞拉行動給了川普很大的信心。加上美國能源部長週三表示，美國將無限期管理委內瑞拉的石油銷售，這更強化了川普干預他國事務的意願。
Trump's serious attitude about acquiring Greenland has provoked strong reactions from European countries. A former EU foreign policy advisor told The Wall Street Journal that the Venezuela operation gave Trump great confidence. Combined with the U.S. Energy Secretary's announcement on Wednesday that America would manage Venezuela's oil sales indefinitely, this has further strengthened Trump's willingness to intervene in other countries' affairs.
歐洲國家先前因擔心西方陣營分裂，對委內瑞拉事件的立場曖昧不明。但丹麥是北約成員國，如果美國出兵格陵蘭，其他北約國家究竟是該出手相助，還是袖手旁觀？
European countries previously took an ambiguous stance on the Venezuela situation out of concern for Western alliance unity. But Denmark is a NATO member—if the U.S. were to send troops to Greenland, should other NATO countries intervene or stand aside?
因此，本週七國領袖發表聯合聲明，強調涉及格陵蘭的事務，只有丹麥與格陵蘭能夠決定。
As a result, leaders of the G7 nations issued a joint statement this week, emphasizing that matters concerning Greenland can only be decided by Denmark and Greenland.
然而，歐洲在面對美國時經常雙重標準，也削弱了自身說話的分量。《金融時報》指出，在川普的觀念裡只有強者與弱者，而非朋友與敵人。歐洲之前對美國的關稅等政策未能強硬回應，已被川普視為弱者，自然不予理會。
However, Europe's frequent double standards when dealing with the U.S. have weakened its own voice. The Financial Times pointed out that in Trump's worldview, there are only the strong and the weak—not friends and enemies. Europe's failure to respond firmly to American policies such as tariffs has led Trump to view them as weak, and naturally, he pays them no attention.
因此，在川普「強者為王」的思維下，歐洲必須團結起來維護自身利益——不是光說不練，而是要主動承擔更多責任與成本。如果北約國家認為格陵蘭神聖不可分割，就應該擴大合作、強化防禦。
Therefore, under Trump's "might makes right" mentality, Europe must unite to protect its own interests—not just through words, but by actively taking on more responsibility and costs. If NATO countries believe Greenland is sacred and indivisible, they should expand cooperation and strengthen their defenses.
智庫學者也指出，美國的政策變得越來越難以預測，甚至可能損害歐洲的利益。歐洲不應再對美國的安全承諾抱持太多幻想。
Think tank scholars have also noted that U.S. policy has become increasingly unpredictable and may even harm European interests. Europe should no longer hold too many illusions about American security commitments.
美國真的需要「拿下」格陵蘭嗎？
格陵蘭地理特徵與歷史
（資料來源：cnn.com）
格陵蘭小檔案
名稱： 格陵蘭（Grønland），意為「綠色土地」
地位： 丹麥王國自治國（2009年起內政獨立）
面積： 2,166,086 平方公里（世界最大島嶼）
人口： 約 57,000 人
首都： 努克（Nuuk）
主要民族： 因紐特人（Inuit）
語言： 格陵蘭語、丹麥語
Name: Greenland (Grønland), meaning "Green Land"
Status: Autonomous country within the Kingdom of Denmark (independent internal affairs since 2009)
Area: 2,166,086 sq km (The world's largest island)
Population: Approximately 57,000
Capital: Nuuk
Major Ethnic Group: Inuit
Languages: Greenlandic, Danish
格陵蘭的地理特徵
位於北美洲東北方，大部分在北極圈內，介於北冰洋與大西洋之間。全島 80% 被冰雪覆蓋，氣候嚴寒。鄰近冰島及加拿大。
Located northeast of North America, mostly within the Arctic Circle, lying between the Arctic Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean. 80% of the island is covered by ice and snow, and the climate is harsh. It is situated near Iceland and Canada.
格陵蘭歷史簡表
982 年： 冰島人紅鬍子艾瑞克流亡至此，命名為「綠地」吸引移民
1386 年： 被挪威併吞
1814 年： 丹麥取得控制權
1933 年： 國際法院判決丹麥擁有全島主權
2009 年： 正式成為內政獨立的自治區
982: Erik the Red, an Icelander, was exiled here and named it "Greenland" to attract immigrants.
1386: Came under Norwegian rule.
1814: Denmark gained control.
1933: The International Court of Justice ruled that Denmark holds sovereignty over the entire island.
2009: Officially became a self-governing entity with independent internal affairs.
「因紐特」在其語言中意為「人」，是該民族的自稱。「愛斯基摩人」帶有貶義（意為「吃生肉的人」），現多避免使用。
"Inuit" means "the people" in their language and is the self-designation of the ethnic group. The term "Eskimo" carries derogatory connotations (meaning "eaters of raw meat") and its use is now largely avoided.
格陵蘭的稀土迷思
有專家指出，川普對格陵蘭的執念源自與中國的對抗，因此必須掌握該地區的航道與稀土資源。北極冰層融化後開通的航道，確實能強化美國的防衛與航運能力。但拿下格陵蘭，真的就能實現「稀土自由」嗎？
Some experts suggest that Trump's obsession with Greenland stems from the rivalry with China, making it necessary to control the region's shipping lanes and rare earth resources. The shipping routes opened by melting Arctic ice could indeed strengthen America's defense and shipping capabilities. But would acquiring Greenland really achieve "rare earth independence"?
澳洲地質學家告訴 CNBC，格陵蘭雖然擁有大量含稀土的岩石，但濃度遠低於美國、中國和澳洲等主要礦場。若開採同樣重量的稀土礦，美中澳能提煉出百分之五到百分之十的稀土材料，格陵蘭通常不到百分之一。此外，格陵蘭容易發生雪崩，使用重型設備開採有難度，基礎設施也不足。因此，即使樂觀估計，也要十年後才能在格陵蘭生產稀土。
An Australian geologist told CNBC that although Greenland has large amounts of rare earth-containing rock, the concentration is far lower than in major mining sites in the U.S., China, and Australia. When mining the same weight of rare earth ore, the U.S., China, and Australia can extract 5 to 10 percent rare earth materials, while Greenland typically yields less than 1 percent. Additionally, Greenland is prone to avalanches, making it difficult to use heavy equipment for mining, and its infrastructure is inadequate. Therefore, even with optimistic estimates, it would take at least ten years before Greenland could produce rare earths.
更關鍵的是，中國的稀土優勢不僅在於原料豐富，更在於加工能力。專家指出，目前稀土產業的核心瓶頸是加工，而這正是中國最強的籌碼——中國控制了全球約九成的精煉產能。這意味著美國即使在格陵蘭開採稀土，最終仍得送往中國加工，根本無法擺脫對中國的依賴。
More critically, China's advantage in rare earths lies not only in abundant raw materials but also in processing capabilities. Experts point out that the core bottleneck in the rare earth industry is processing, and this is China's strongest bargaining chip—China controls approximately 90 percent of global refining capacity. This means that even if the U.S. mines rare earths in Greenland, they would ultimately still need to be sent to China for processing, making it impossible to escape dependence on China.
為何各界對川普想買格陵蘭如此反彈？
專家指出，如果川普只是想加強格陵蘭的防衛，根本不需要花錢或出兵。根據冷戰期間簽署的美丹協議，美國在格陵蘭本就擁有很大的軍事行動空間。
Experts point out that if Trump simply wants to strengthen Greenland's defense, there is no need to spend money or deploy troops. According to the U.S.-Denmark agreement signed during the Cold War, the U.S. already has considerable freedom for military operations in Greenland.
丹麥國際研究院的學者告訴《紐約時報》，基本上美國只要開口，無論是合法擴建基地還是部署兵力，丹麥幾乎都會同意。即使格陵蘭二十多年前被納入協議、有權反對，也不太可能拒絕美國的要求。
A scholar from the Danish Institute for International Studies told The New York Times that if the U.S. simply asks, Denmark would almost certainly agree—whether it involves legally expanding bases or deploying forces. Even though Greenland was included in the agreement more than two decades ago and has the right to object, it is unlikely to refuse American requests.
明明可以透過協商解決，川普卻執意採用威脅手段，這才導致丹麥如此強烈的反彈。有專家認為，這屬於美國認知作戰的一環——故意矮化丹麥的防衛能力，將格陵蘭描繪成「安全黑洞」，藉此主張美國有必要接管或收購，以合理化派遣特使甚至動武的行為。
The issue could clearly be resolved through negotiation, but Trump insists on using threats, which is precisely why Denmark has reacted so strongly. Some experts believe this is part of American information warfare—deliberately downplaying Denmark's defense capabilities and portraying Greenland as a "security black hole" to argue that the U.S. needs to take control or purchase the territory, thereby justifying the appointment of a special envoy or even military action.
（Youtube - LiveNOW from FOX, Trump on Greenland: "Whether they like it or not"）
